Large Scale Urban Stormwater CollectionSingapore
■ Outline
Singapore has managed to increase its water catchment area steadily over the year despite the rapid urbanisation of the island state. With the completion of the 3 new reservoirs (Marina, Punggol and Serangoon), two-thirds of Singapore land area is now water catchment area.
■ Period of Implementation
■ Features
- As a small island that doesn't have natural aquifers and lakes and with little land to collect rainwater, Singapore needs to maximise whatever it can harvest.
PUB harvests rainwater collected in our networks of drains, canals and 17 reservoirs. With the completion of the 3 new reservoirs namely Marina, Punggol and Serangoon Reservoirs, two-thirds of Singapore land area is now water catchment area. No other city in the world has harvested urban stormwater on such scale.
[Urban stormwater collection]
PUB has two separate systems to collect rainwater and used water. Rainwater is collected through a comprehensive network of drains, canals, rivers, stormwater collection ponds and reservoirs before it is treated for drinking water supply. This makes Singapore one of the few countries in the world to harvest urban stormwater on a large-scale for its water supply.
[Inter-reservoirs transfer]
To maximise collection and storage of raw water, PUB operates a unique integrated reservoir scheme whereby water can be transferred between reservoirs to ensure that reservoir stocks level are kept at the optimal level.
[Raw water quality management]
As much of the raw water are collected in an highly urban environment, PUB has a comprehensive water quality management and pollution control system in place to ensure that the raw water quality in our reservoirs is maintained at a level that is suitable for cost-effective treatment and also appropriate for recreational activities at our reservoirs.
■ Outcomes / Benefits
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With no lakes or aquifers, and with limited land for catchment, PUB has managed to turn two-thirds of Singapore land area into water catchment area and maintained good raw water quality for treatment and recreation activities. All these are done despite accelerating urbanisation of the small island state (700k㎡).
■ Cost
■ Inquiries
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